2. FREIGHT TRANSPORT ON INLAND WATERWAYS - CCNR

Footnotes

2. Close to 25% of all inland waterway transport in France takes place on the French Rhine.
3. Waterway sections considered: Waal, Hollands Diep, Boven Merwede, Oude Maas, Dordtsche Kil, Beneden Merwede, Lek, Nieuwe Maas, Noord, Nieuwe Merwede, Nieuwe Waterweg, Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal, Rijn-Schelde-Verbinding, Hartelkanaal, IJssel.
4. Backwardation is a market situation where future prices are lower than current prices, reducing the incentive to store commodities over time.
5. ARA = Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Antwerp
6. The reason for this activity is an imbalance between refinery production of fuels and fuel demand in western Europe. Due to the long-term decrease in fuel demand in Europe, refinery output is more and more orientated towards exports to overseas destinations. For refineries in the Dutch and German Rhine region, an increase in transport towards ARA ports can be noted.
7. Source: AG Energiebilanzen e.V. (German Working Group on Energy balances)
8. Source: Voies Navigables de France (VNF), En 2025, envolée des trafics céréaliers (+30 %) et record inédit des croisières sur le Rhin (article from 28.04.2026 and last consulted on 04.05.2026), available on the VNF website.
9. Source: Eurostat [mar_qg_qm_pwhc], Gross weight of goods in containers handled in each port, available on the Eurostat website
10. Source: R. Luman R. (ING), Scheepvaart ziet de stroom veranderen (article from 22.04.2026 and last consulted on 29.04.2026), available on the ING website